|
A coffee bean is a seed of the coffee plant, and is the source for coffee. It is the pit inside the red or purple fruit often referred to as a cherry. Just like ordinary cherries, the coffee fruit is also a so called stone fruit. Even though the coffee beans are seeds, they are referred to as 'beans' because of their resemblance to true beans. The fruits - coffee cherries or coffee berries - most commonly contain two stones with their flat sides together. A small percentage of cherries contain a single seed, instead of the usual two. This is called a "peaberry." The peaberry is more unusual occurring only between 10 and 15 percent of the time, and it's a fairly common (yet scientifically unproven) belief that they have more flavour than 'normal' coffee beans.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=hypecoffee.com )〕 Like Brazil nuts (a seed) and white rice, coffee beans consist mostly of endosperm.〔 The two most economically important varieties of coffee plant are the Arabica and the Robusta; 75-80% of the coffee produced worldwide is Arabica and 20% is Robusta.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 publisher = Coffee Research Institute )〕 Arabica beans consist of 0.8-1.4% caffeine and Robusta beans consist of 1.7-4% caffeine.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 publisher = International Coffee Organization )〕 As coffee is one of the world's most widely consumed beverages, coffee beans are a major cash crop, and an important export product, counting for over 50% of some developing nations' foreign exchange earnings.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 publisher = International Coffee Organization )〕 ==History== (詳細はKaldi. ;Significant dates *First coffee plant was found in the mountains of Yemen. Then by 1500 it was exported to the rest of the world through the port of Mokha in Yemen. *First cultivation in India (Chikmagalur) - 1600 *First cultivation in Europe (also first cultivation outside of east Africa/Arabia) - 1616 *First cultivation in Java - 1699 *First cultivation in Caribbean (Cuba, Hispaniola (Haiti and the Dominican Republic), Jamaica, Puerto Rico) – 1715–1730 *First cultivation in South America – 1730 *First cultivation in Dutch East Indies – 1720 *The plants were first introduced in the Americas around 1723. *Roasted beans first sold on retail market (Pittsburgh) – 1865 *Important spray-drying techniques developed in 1950s ;Distribution South America is now responsible for approximately 45% of the world's total coffee exports. Most of this coffee is grown in Brazil.〔 The United States imports more coffee than any other nation. The per capita consumption of coffee in the United States in 2011 was 4.24 kg (9 lbs), and the value of coffee imported exceeded $8 billion. Coffee plants grow within a defined area between the tropics of Cancer and Capricorn, termed the bean belt or coffee belt.〔 〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「coffee bean」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|